NERC Electric Power Sector Reform (EPSR) Practice Exam

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• If MVAR flows are high across transmission lines in a weak area, which action is preferable?
• What role does the Transmission Service Provider serve during an interchange transaction?
• What component is necessary for implementing effective system restoration strategies?
• What type of generation is primarily used to support VAR absorption?
• What action should BA A take when endangered by remaining interconnected with a declining frequency?
• Which components are categorized as dynamic reactive resources?
• When a line is VAR neutral, the loading at which this occurs is known as what?
• How often shall each RC, TOP, and BA test its alternative interpersonal communication capability?
• What is likely to happen after a severe disturbance on the interconnection when frequency oscillation occurs?
• What is the normal and recommended mode of the AGC?
• How often do NERC Reliability Standards require a BA to perform control error checks using tie-line MWh meters?
• Which compliance percentage is associated with CPS1?
• What is the term used for generators operating to absorb VARs in order to lower system voltage?
• Which interchange transaction does not need to be tagged before it starts?
• What effect does a lightly loaded 500kV transmission line have?
• What should be done to ensure reliability during a transmission system overload?
• Which organization does the TOP need to share its voltage schedule with?
• When there is a frequency dip, what is the outcome of a 5% drop characteristic on connected generators?
• What role does communication play among Regional Coordinators (RCs) during emergencies?
• Which of the following is an example of Electric system security data that is not requested to be updated at least every 10 minutes?
• What should a system operator in a known weak area do first if voltage is declining?
• What type of generation usually does not count towards a Balancing Authority's contingency reserve?
• After detecting a failure of interpersonal communication capability lasting 30 minutes or more, entities must be notified within what timeframe?
• What is a key benefit of having a planned blackstart process?
• Protection systems on major transmission lines should be coordinated with whom?
• Which of the following is not classified as a controllable demand side management (DSM) program?
• How should the AGC system be operated after losing tie-line RTUs with a neighboring BA?
• What should be prioritized to enhance safety during system restoration?
• If a capacity emergency is anticipated during peak loading, what action should be taken regarding maintenance?
• What should be monitored to ensure efficient operation of electrical systems?
• What does the term 'leading' or 'lagging' refer to in relation to generators?
• If a nuclear plant is uprated from 1200 MW to 1300 MW, how much must the spinning reserve portion of a contingency reserve increase to accommodate this?
• On what basis must a Balancing Authority approve or deny an interchange transaction?
• Is the statement about Geo-magnetic disturbances (GMD) and RCs valid?
• In a scenario where generation is insufficient and voltage is decaying, what must the system operator do?
• System restoration plans shall be coordinated with whom?
• On a hot summer day with planned generation maintenance, what should you do if there's a forecasted energy emergency during system peak loading?
• During which scenario would you expect 'Ferranti Voltage Rise Effect'?
• How should the voltage or reactive power schedule be specified by the Transmission Operator (TOP)?
• What action should the RC take during an area-wide disturbance when there is a possibility of losing a major tie line?
• What is not a function of a generator capability curve?
• If the voltage at substation A is higher than at substation B, how is the reactive power (MVAR) flow indicated?
• How can voltage reduction be implemented for load relief?
• What factor is NOT typically included in capacity emergency planning?
• What is a critical step in the system restoration process?
• For what purpose shall data received over the Interregional Security Network (ISN) be used?
• A proper operating protective relay scheme should normally operate for what conditions?
• What is the significance of the 'Contingency Reserve Restoration Period'?
• What can prevent imminent separation from the interconnection?
• Following an area blackout, what must the TOP ensure when re-energizing transmission lines?
• Thermal limits for transmission line power transfers are based on what?
• What is essential for maintaining system reliability during load balancing?
• When can you re-use a tag number?
• What category includes all the necessary assets a Responsible Entity must implement a process for?
• What should be the prime consideration of a system operator when an operating emergency occurs?
• What is the primary consideration when planning the interconnected transmission system?
• If you have 40% of your load intact, an ACE near zero, and frequency increasing from 59.5 Hz, what should you do?
• If a test of interpersonal communication capability is unsuccessful, the responsible entity must act to repair it within how long?
• How is inadvertent interchange commonly addressed between control areas?
• Which process ensures that a system remains within operational limits following a disturbance?
• To predict the near-term load pattern, a system operator must consider which factor?
• By what time must BA ABC act to eliminate an IROL violation discovered at 12:30 on July 1?
• What is a requirement for a BES Cyber System regarding communication capabilities?
• Which factor should not influence transmission line ratings?
• Which step is most appropriate if a system disturbance causes a BA to lose frequency meters?
• In the event of an IROL violation, how should the RC act?
• What is the time period required for a Balancing Authority to return ACE to zero according to the DCS?
• If a system disturbance causes a generator to be out of step, what does this mean?
• If a BA performed a 5% voltage reduction but has not shed firm load, in what level of Emergency Event Actions (EEA) is this BA categorized?
• What is the purpose of using high speed relays and high speed circuit breakers?
• In case of critical conditions, what does manual load shedding specifically aim to achieve?
• What should a TOP do if it is in imminent danger of violating an IROL?
• How many MWh should be shown in the MWh field of a 60 MW energy profile starting at 0800 and stopping at 1800?
• Which entity is primarily concerned with the oversight of transmission reliability in a region?
• Which of the following is NOT a NERC disturbance reporting requirement for a 1000 MW system?
• What threshold must a Reliability Coordinator monitor related to ACE errors?
• How often shall the RC perform real-time assessments?
• How quickly must each Primary Scheduling Entity with title to an interchange transaction arrange personnel for notification of changes?
• What is the responsibility of the generator owner regarding tap settings and impedance data?
• When shall the Reliability Coordinator share its next day analysis with Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities?
• Which of the following options does not qualify as a contingency reserve?
• How often should restoration services for critical telecommunication channels be available?
• What term is used to indicate the remaining transfer capability on a transmission network for further commercial activity?
• How should the effectiveness of reactive power support be evaluated after an event?
• Before disconnecting an affected facility due to overload, NERC reliability standards require what action?
• How often shall each Reliability Coordinator (RC) perform a real-time assessment of IROLs?
• What is the most suitable equipment for reactive reserve response to a contingency?
• What is the purpose of the voltage schedule provided by the TOP?
• Automatic load shedding settings should not be based on which of the following?
• What is a full-time data network used for sharing operational security information?
• When arranging an interchange transaction, which entity cannot disclose information to unconnected PSEs?
• When does the contingency reserve restoration period begin for a Balancing Authority or Reserve Sharing Group?
• BES stands for what in the context of electric power?
• In the case of an inadvertent accumulation of 240 MWh over generation, which scheduling would work if 50% is on peak?
• What results from Net Scheduled Interchange being greater than Net Actual Interchange?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a reactive resource?
• During extreme low load conditions, what are the primary system conditions the system operator works to alleviate?
• What is the key focus of the DCS requirement for Balancing Authorities?
• Can a BES Cyber System be defined as a grouping of critical cyber assets?
• What could be a consequence of running generators under-excited?
• During a system restoration, col load pick up can involve inrush currents that are how large?
• What does Net Actual Interchange minus Net Scheduled Interchange represent?
• Which condition is the system operator typically trying to prevent during periods of low generation?
• If a radial line delivers 60 MVAR with a total loading of 100 MVA, what is the active power delivered?
• Which one of the following is an example of a controllable DSM program?
• What is the default contingency reserve restoration period?
• What must occur if the issue regarding the AVR status change is resolved within the specified time frame?
• Once the TOP has developed a system restoration plan, what should be done with the plan?
• What is the ramp duration given for starting an interchange transaction at 0755?
• How quickly must a GOP notify the associated TOP of a status change on the AVR or alternative voltage controlling device?
• What type of relay uses a combination of CT measurements and PT measurements?
• To demonstrate compliance with Requirement R1, each non-FRSG member BA must achieve an annual FRM that is:
• What must the transmission owner provide to the generator owner?
• Who is responsible for transitioning arranged interchange to confirmed interchange?
• What is the resultant loading of line A-B and line C-D after a 150 MW reduction on a generator with initial loads of 200 MW and 100 MW, respectively?
• If the voltage at substation A is 235kV and at substation B is 230kV, how does the reactive power (MVARs) flow?
• What does an Energy Emergency Alert (EEA) indicate within the context of Reliability Standards?
• What is the term used when an open-ended transmission line experiences high voltage due to its inductance?
• In which operation mode should the generator be maintained unless notified otherwise?
• You have a transaction request of 100 MW on a scheduled path with an ATC of 95 MW. What should you do?
• Which of the following are considered dynamic reactive resources?
• In terms of power reserves, what does the acronym MSSC stand for?
• Who is responsible for obtaining transmission services for an interchange transaction?
• By what time shall each Generator Operator (GOP) and Transmission Operator (TOP) provide its outage information daily?
• How does load shedding affect system stability in terms of reactive power?
• When managing reactive resources, which bank is used to counteract high voltage conditions?
• A BA that is part of a multiple BA Interconnection and not receiving Overlap Regulation Service must maintain a B that is:
• All telecommunicated channels shall be periodically tested or monitored how?
• A frequency dip is caused by a single control area's disturbance, stabilizing at 59.85 Hz. How much load should be shed to restore frequency to 60 Hz?
• When must personnel for interchange notifications be available?
• During a system restoration, load block additions should be limited to what percentage of the online generation availability?
• What is critical in the planning of future expansion of transmission systems?
• In the case of large ACE errors affecting frequency, what action should the Reliability Coordinator take?
• If a generator's loading is reduced by 100 MW, what is the new loading for Line A-B and Line C-D if originally Line A-B is at 300 MW and Line C-D at 100 MW with participation factors of 0.4 and 0.2 respectively?
• What is the actual VARS delivered by a 60 MVAR shunt capacitor bank at 0.9 p.u. voltage?
• After completing a load forecast, generating units should be assigned for which of the following?
• When planning a load shedding scheme, which parameter should be excluded from consideration?
• One of the benefits of periodic blackstart testing is what?
• When a Reliability Coordinator (RC) curtails an interchange transaction for TLR purposes, who must they notify?
• What type of resources must be included in the assets considered by each Responsible Entity?
• Which of the following best describes 'overexcited' generators?
• What measurement is used for power flow data between balancing authorities?
• Which network is used for sharing operational security information?
• The Generator Operator shall maintain the generator voltage or reactive power schedule as provided by its ______________.
• A 200 MW transaction starts at the top of the hour and is terminated 30 minutes later. If a ten minute ramp is used, what is the integrated MWh for this transaction?
• Which of the following activities is NOT typically included in transmission reliability procedures?
• If an external BA with a frequency bias of 20MW/0.1Hz sees a frequency of 60.02 Hz due to a loss of load, approximately how much generation change would the BA experience?
• What voltage level operation supports maximum system reliability?
• What is the default ramp time for the eastern interconnect?
• Which historical data is best to use for predicting line loading on a hot day?
• What type of generation response is expected from a 5% governor droop when frequency drops by 0.15 Hz?
• Each TOP must provide a copy of the voltage schedule to its ______________ and ______________ operators within ____________ days of request.
• A generator's capability for system restoration purposes is determined by what?
• A system in the process of restoration has 1000MW of synchronized generation and 700 MW of connected load. What amount of load should be shed to raise the frequency by 0.5 Hz?
• Who is responsible for developing procedures to ensure transmission reliability?
• If the RTU signal for power flow over a tie-line is significantly in error, what should the system operator of BA ABC do?
• What is the purpose of a generator capability curve?
• A 100 MW generator with a 5% governor droop responds to a -0.15 Hz frequency deviation. How much will it output?
• Before resynchronization of an isolated area to the interconnection, what are three important power system parameters that must be within acceptable limits?
• Reportable disturbances are contingencies that meet or exceed what percentage of the most severe single contingency?
• What is the term for generators supplying VARs to support voltage and operating in that mode?
• What is the purpose of Emergency Event Actions (EEAs)?
• After a disturbance, what action should be taken if 40% of the load is intact but frequency is declining?
• If underfrequency generator protection is set at 58.3 Hz, what should the setpoint for load shedding be to maintain system stability?
• Which of the following is essential for the timely approval of interchange transactions by a Balancing Authority?
• The Balancing Authority must keep enough contingency reserve to address which of the following?
• If an IROL violation cannot be avoided, what must the RC do?
• To whom may a request for information about an interchange transaction NOT be given?
• How often should electric system security data be updated for it to remain valid?
• During an operating capacity emergency, BA ABC shall balance its schedules and generation to its load without regard to?
• Energy and capacity emergency plans should include consideration for which aspect?
• How often should tags relating to interchange transactions be updated?
• Which document governs the operating procedures for interchange transactions?
• What is the compliance percentage of reportable disturbances according to DCS?
• BAs can share interchange transaction information with whom?
• In a case where a transformer bank protection panel shows an 87T target, what type of initial relay operation triggered the lockout?
• Which standard measures a Balancing Authority's ability to maintain adequate operating reserves?
• What happens when a generator is under excited?
• If a transmission line rated at 400 MVA carries a load of 300 MW and 200 MVAR, is it operating above its rating?
• What is the primary goal during a capacity emergency according to NERC standards?
• Where should voltage reduction for load reduction be performed?
• To increase MVAR output from a generator, what parameter is adjusted?
• Where should voltage reduction for load reduction be performed?
• In the context of emergency operations, what is a critical factor for communication systems?
• How many consecutive clock-minutes can a BA's average Reporting ACE exceed its clock-minute BA ACE limit?
• What action is typically taken to address an impending energy emergency?
• What should a BA anticipate if an operating capacity emergency occurs?
• To maximize system reliability, which practice should be employed?
• What might cause an alarm on SCADA indicating a bus breaker is closed while the bus appears de-energized?
• What should a Responsible Entity do if failure of communication capabilities lasts longer than the specified time?
• Upon telemetry failure of a generator's output, what is the most likely change you would expect?
• Who is responsible for confirming the interchange schedule with the sending Balancing Authority?
• What type of relaying operates by comparing incoming and outgoing currents within a protected zone?
• When referring to transmission lines, what standard should neighboring systems use?
• You are noticing a voltage decline in a weak area of your system. After exhausting reactive resources, what should you do?
• When possible, a Transmission Operator (TOP) should try to use which of the following to energize high voltage transmission lines?
• Which of the following is not considered to be electric system security data?
• Which asset rating falls under the medium impact rating category?
• What must BAs that are not members of a FRSG achieve regarding their annual FRM?
• What is the power factor of the Roxboro-Milburnie Black 230kV line with energy flows of 80 MW and 60 MVAR?
• Who has the authority to shed load in a capacity emergency?
• What is the primary purpose of a backup control center?
• How frequently should testing of control center communication capabilities occur?
• Who is responsible for arranging interchange transactions?
• Which of the following is vital for maintaining transmission voltage during system restoration?
• In an emergency situation, who has the priority when allocating resources?
• What happens if a TOP enters an unknown operating state?
• In a situation where ABC BA cannot meet its native load and regulating requirements, it will request that its RC issue a?
• How does a BA maintain compliance when frequency varies significantly from 60 Hz?
• All electronic interchange schedule communications are to be in which time zone?
• What does ATC stand for in the context of transmission capability?
• What equipment shall each Balancing Authority (BA) have available to assist the system operator in maintaining voltage within established limits?
• What is a common tool used to assess the interchange between balancing authorities?
• In terms of system operations, why is it crucial to manage voltage in weak areas?
• Which of the following is not classified as a reactive resource?
• What is one of the core responsibilities of a balancing authority?
• What does blackstart capability refer to?
• What action is recommended if voltage is declining in a known weak area after exhausting reactive resources?
• Which of the following statements regarding asset categorization is true?
• What minimum load is often set for transactions to ensure they are profitable?